Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and the Immune System—Lessons From Immune-Competent Mouse-Tumor Models

Immune Modulation by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma

Editorial: Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Protocols, Models, and Clinical Evidence

The current frontiers in Oncology are at the nanoscale (1). Within this nanoworld, new instruments and their related protocols enable the discovery or the improved characterization of bio-objects including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs, secreted by cells into the extracellular environment, include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Thus, EVs range from approximately 40 nm to a f...

Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Immune-Modulation

Extra-cellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane structures enriched with proteins, nucleic acids, and other active molecules and have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes over the past decade. Recently, evidence suggests EVs to play a more dichotomic role in the regulation of the immune system, whereby an immune response may be enhanced or supressed by EVs dependi...

Single Unpurified Breast Tumor-Initiating Cells from Multiple Mouse Models Efficiently Elicit Tumors in Immune-Competent Hosts

The tumor-initiating cell (TIC) frequency of bulk tumor cell populations is one of the criteria used to distinguish malignancies that follow the cancer stem cell model from those that do not. However, tumor-initiating cell frequencies may be influenced by experimental conditions and the extent to which tumors have progressed, parameters that are not always addressed in studies of these cells. W...

Inhibition of PI4K IIIα radiosensitizes in human tumor xenograft and immune-competent syngeneic murine tumor model

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase (PI4K) has emerged as a potential target for anti-cancer treatment. We recently reported that simeprevir, an anti-hepatitis C viral (HCV) agent, radiosensitized diverse human cancer cells by inhibiting PI4K IIIα in vitro. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing effect of simeprevir in an in vivo tumor xenograft model and the mechanism of its intera...